Let's Learn Korean - Noun Describer -

well, i know the title is kinda confusing, but don't worry, what we're gonna discuss now is not that confusing kkk

I suppose you've ever seen/heard words like; 좋아하는 사람, 좋은 날, etc, haven't you?

This post is gonna 'reveal' what kind of particle is that, how to use that and what's the meaning of words with that particle.

There's any 3 noun changers in Korean; ~는, ~(으)ㄴ and ~(으)ㄹ. At a glance it seems like topic and object particle, doesn't it? That's why this post is important to be able to differentiate these particles with noun describer particles..

Ok, i'll stop blabbing now kkkk

1. ~는

 

 

요즘 내 제일 좋아하는 노래라서...

This particle is used for root verb and for adj which have "있다/없다" ending.This particle has present meaning

Example  :  Verb:  -  자다          =  자는

                                -  마시다      =  마시는

                                -  그리다      =  그리는

                                -  있다          =  있는
                      Adj:  -  맛있다      =  맛있는
                                -  멋있다      =  멋있는
                                -  재미있다  =  재미있는

Example  :  -  학교에서 숙제를 하는 학생  =  Student who does their homework in school

                    -  누나가 보는 사람  =  The person who is seen by my sister

                    -  윤호가 먹는 음식  =  The dish which Yunho eats

                    -  재미없는 사람  =  A boring person/an uninteresting person

2. ~(으)ㄴ

This particle is used for adj and copula and has present meaning, while it has past meaning if be paired with verb. ~은 is for root word which ends by consonant, while ~ㄴ is for vowel.

Example  :  a.  Adj

                       -  작다       =  작은

                       -  예쁘다    =  예쁜

                       -  행복하다 =  행복한

                      b.  Copula

                       -  이다     =  인

                       -  아니다  =  아닌

                      c.  Verb

                       -  공부하다  =  공부한다

                       -  먹다         =  먹은

                       -  외우다     =  외운

Example  :  -  유명한 사람  =  Famous person

                     -  예쁜 여자    =  Beautiful lady

                     -  한국어를 공부한 사람  =  People who learned korean
                     -  앤디가 부른 노래  =  The song which Andi sang
                     -   많이 공부한 학생  =  The student who studied hard

There's no need to use past particle for the verb when using ~(으)ㄴ.

Example:  -  한국어를 공부했은 사람  (X)
                  -   한국어를 공부한 사람  (O)
                  -  앤디가 부른 노래  (O)
                  -  앤디가 불렀은 노래  (X) 

3.  ~(으)ㄹ

This particle is used for adj and verb and have future meaning. ~을 is for root word which ends by consonant, while ~ㄹ is for vowel.

Example  :   -  가르치다  =  가르칠

                      -  좋다          =  좋을

                      -  재미있다  =  재미있을

                      -  일어나다  =  일어날

Example  :    -  내일 만날 치구                  =  The friend whom i meet tomorrow

                      -  어려울 시험                        =  The exam which is gonna be difficult

                      -  무거울 가방                        =  The bag which is gonna be heavy

                      -  한국어를 가르칠 선생님  =  The teacher whom will teach Korean

Now pay attention to this

Example  :   -  한국으로 또나는 톰  =  Tom whom is leaving Korea

                      -  한국으로 또난 톰      =  Tom whom has left Korea

                      -  한국으로 또날 톰      =  Tom whom will leave Korea

                      -  한국으로 또났을 톰  =  Tom whom probably has left Korea

            

The 3rd and the 4th example have the same particle, ~(으)ㄹ, but they have different meaning. Why?~

If there's any past particle between the root word and ~(으)ㄹ, it won't have future time meaning anymore, but an assessment of action/situation that probably has happened in the past. Look at the 4th example. The meaning is a probability.

So now, what does "내가 만났을 사람" mean? :)

Let's Learn Korean - Particle ~는/(으)ㄴ/ (으)ㄹ 것 같다 -

커다란 바다에 갈 길을 잃은 채 때론 비바람에 가라앉을 것 같아..

너의 흔적이 함께 지워질 것만 같은데

Particle ~는/(으)ㄴ/(으)ㄹ 것 같다 means '... looks like/seems like'. It's used for showing people's estimation of something.
rules:  -  는        =  for verb:  present meaning
           -  (으)ㄴ  =  for verb: past meaning, for adj/copula: present meaning
           -  (으)ㄹ  =  for verb or adj: future meaning

1. ~는 것 같다

Example:  -  창민이 곧 가는 것 같아요  =  Seems like Changmin is leaving soon

                -  그녀는 요즘 매일 아침 조깅을 하는 것 같아요  =  Seems like she's jogging in every morning lately

2. ~(으)ㄴ 것 같다

Example:  -  좋은 하루가 있는 것 같아요  =  He seems like having a good day

                 -  시험 공부를 많이 한 것 같아요  =  Seems like he studied hard for the exam

3.  ~(으)ㄹ 것 같다

Example:  -  너의 흔적이 함께 지워질 것만 같은데  =  Seems like only your trails that will be erased together with it

                -  시헙이 어려울 것 같아요  =  Seems like the exam will be difficult

               -  내일은 행복한 날을 것 같아서 그 사람을 만날 거예요  =  Seems like tomorrow will be a good day because I will meet that person

Q&A:

What's the difference between the first example of the first particle and the third particle since it also has future meaning?

- In the first example of the first particle, we're seeing that Changmin is preparing to leave, so the estimation that we make is that since he's packing his stuff so maybe he's leaving soon. While the third particle is estimation that will happen in the future, so we don't know yet whether it's gonna happen for real or not.

Add '었/았' after '같다' to show that the action/situation happened in the past.

Example:  -  할아버지가 미국 사람인 것 같아요  =  It looks like his grandfather is an American

                   -  유리의 방에서 자고 있는 것 같아요  =  Seems like she slept in Yuri's room

note: Don't use past particle for verb+(으)ㄹ 것 같다, and vice versa, because it already has past meaning.

Example:  -  많이 먹을 것 가탔어요  (O)

                  -   많이 먹은 것 같아요      (O)

               -  많이 먹은 것 같았어요   (X)