Let's Learn Korean - Particle 의, 와/과, (이)랑, 하고, 에(다가) and (이)며 -

 

1.  의

마법의 성을 지나 늪을 건너..
어둠의 동굴속 멀리 그대가 보여..
이제 나의 손을 잡아보아요..
우리의 몸이 떠오르는 것을 느끼죠..

This particle shows the relation between 2 nouns. The first noun usually is the owner, and the second is the object that she/he owns. Or in the easy way, in English 의 is ....'s. 의 can't be used if the object isn't put after the name of the owner.

Example:  -  그 기타는 종훈의예요  =  That is Jonghoon's guitar

                  -  그 기타는 종훈의 것이예요  =  That is Jonghoon's guitar

Although they have same meaning, but the 1st example is incorrect, because the 의 isn't being followed by the object since the object is being a topic (see that 기타 is followed by topic particle, 는) (read here to understand about topic particle). To make it a correct statement,  것 which means 'thing' must be added after 의.

There are 3 forms in Korean to show that someone owns something, they're both in formal and informal form.

1. 좋훈의 기타  =  Jonghoon's guitar
2. 종훈 기타  =  Jonghoon's guitar
3. 종훈 것  =  Jonghoon's thing

- Why the first example is correct while it's using 의 after the owner? -

Because 기타 in the first example is an object, while the previous example is a topic. Read the explanation again if you haven't understood ^^.

anyway, in here i told u about 내 and 제, and do u know that these 2 pronouns are made of pronoun+의? 내 is made of 나+의 and 제 is made of 저+의? :)

2. 와/과, (이)랑, 하고, 에(다가) and (이)며

These particles mean 'and'. 

1st, imma tell you about 와/과. 와 is used for the root word which ends by vowel, and 과 is used for  consonant. These particles are formal form..

하얗게 흐려진 그림과 지워진듯한 내 향기가..

Example:  -  재진과 승현이 미국에 있습니다  =  Jaejin and Seunghyun are in America
                  -  윤호와  창민이 일본에 가요          =  Yunho and Changmin go to Japan

2nd is (이)랑. This particle is informal form.이랑 is used for root word which ends by consonant, and 랑 is for vowel.

Example:  -  너랑 나 지금 헤어지다!  =  we break up now!

                  -  재진이랑 수영은 귀여운 커플이에요  =  Jaejin and Sooyoung are a cute couple

3rd is 하고. This particle is more informal than 와/과, but more formal than (이)랑.

난 그대가 훅-하고 내 곁에서 날아가 버릴까..
단 하루도 휴-하고 쉴 수조차 없었단 말야..

Example:  -  홍기가 주스하고 커피를 주문 했어요  =  Hongki ordered juice and coffee

4th is 에(다가). The useful of this particle is to connect 2 nouns with the same characteristics.

Example:  -  친구에 친척에 손님들이 많았습니다  =  We've so many friends, cousins and guests

                  -  하나에다가 둘을  더하면 셋이에요  =  1 plus 2 is 3

5th is (이)며. The useful of this particle is to calculate 2 or more words that have same characteristics. Root word which ends by vowel uses 며, and uses 이며 for consonant.

Example:  -  밤이며 낮이며 편안할 날이 없어  =  I never feel peace in the night nor in the day
                -  고기며 생선이며 가리지 않고 잘 먹어요  =  He eats everything, both the meat and fish